ZAP-70 kinase regulates HIV cell-to-cell spread and virological synapse formation.
The EMBO journal 2007 Jan 24; 26(2):516-26
Sol-Foulon N N, Sourisseau M M, Porrot F F, Thoulouze M MI, Trouillet C C, Nobile C C, Blanchet F F, Di Bartolo V V, Noraz N N, Taylor N N, Alcover A A, Hivroz C C, Schwartz O O
Groupe Virus et Immunité, Institut Pasteur, CNRS URA1930, France.
HIV efficiently spreads in lymphocytes, likely through virological synapses (VSs). These cell-cell junctions share some characteristics with immunological synapses, but cellular proteins required for their constitution remain poorly characterized. We have examined here the role of ZAP-70, a key kinase regulating T-cell activation and immunological synapse formation, in HIV replication. In lymphocytes deficient for ZAP-70, or expressing a kinase-dead mutant of the protein, HIV replication was strikingly delayed. We have characterized further this replication defect. ZAP-70 was dispensable for the early steps of viral cycle, from entry to expression of viral proteins. However, in the absence of ZAP-70, intracellular Gag localization was impaired. ZAP-70 was required in infected donor cells for efficient cell-to-cell HIV transmission to recipients and for formation of VSs. These results bring novel insights into the links that exist between T-cell activation and HIV spread, and suggest that HIV usurps components of the immunological synapse machinery to ensure its own spread through cell-to-cell contacts.